List Members,
Here is some good Daniel Ross stuff from the book: UFOs and the
Complete Evidence from Space-
Chapter 9 The Truth about Venus
By the early 1960's, following years of increasing reports on UFO
activity in our skies, the idea that Venus had a habitable
environment was becoming more and more acceptable in the minds of the
public, and in the theories of notable space scientists. Astronomy
had always referred to Venus as the twin planet of our Earth, since
both planets were nearly equal in size and each had a cloudy
atmosphere. But our sister planet was continually covered with a
thick blanket of clouds, and the surface conditions on Venus remained
a mystery to earth-bound observers. Some scientists reasoned that
although the orbit of Venus was closer to the sun, her perpetual
cloud cover reflected a large portion of the sun's energy, thus
making the surface temperatures very Earth-like.
In November 1959, scientists working for the U.S. Navy and John
Hopkins University sent up a stratospheric balloon to an altitude of
16 miles to study Venus. Infra-red readings determined that there was
five times more water vapor above the Venusian clouds than above the
corresponding high clouds over Earth. In 1960, a spectrographic study
by American and Soviet scientists provided further data on the
Venusian atmosphere. By observing Venus during its crescent phase,
they did a spectrum analysis of the night glow, or "ashen light",
which is often very noticeable over the nighttime portion of the
hemisphere. The study revealed the presence of both nitrogen and
atomic oxygen in the planet's atmosphere. The night glow over the
darkened hemisphere was directly attributed to the atomic oxygen. The
Earth has the same characteristic element in the upper level of its
atmosphere. Normal oxygen (02) is disassociated by shortwave solar
radiation into single-atom oxygen.
The British space expert V.A. Firsoff remarked that a planetary
atmosphere could not retain such an active element as oxygen over a
period of time, unless it were constantly replenished from some
source such as photosynthesis in green plants. He added that its
presence on Venus in apparent abundance constituted strong evidence
for life there. Firsoff further reasoned that Venus' magnetic field
would tend to keep the bulk of the diatomic oxygen (02) in the
atmosphere below the clouds, and if there were a permanent inversion
of temperatures on Venus, as it seemed likely, carbon dioxide would
naturally diffuse upwards across that inversion line, since carbon
dioxide is known to be an efficient absorber of radiant energy. With
the air being warmer above the clouds than immediately below them,
and because the stratosphere around Venus would characteristically
lack vertical air currents, the carbon dioxide would be trapped in
the upper regions. Firsoff concluded that the air below the clouds of
Venus could be much like our own.
Included in the scientific article just referenced, was a descriptive
picture showing apparent snow-caps at the poles, based on telescopic
observations of Venus with the aid of specialized filters. Although
the evidence was tentative, the apparent existence of polar caps was
consistent with the recent confirmation of water vapor in the
Venusian clouds, and with the explanations for a permanent
temperature inversion in the atmosphere. Firsoff summarized his
scientific discussion by stating that Venus might well be an "abode
of life" at least as comfortable as the Earth.
In 1960 a similar view was given by Dr. Edward G. Pendray, the
founder of the American Rocket Society. This scientist stated: "Venus
may turn out to be a wonderful place to live. We don't know much
about its surface, because we can't see it. But it is about the same
size as Earth and nearer to the sun. It may be like Florida all over."
List members,
If the Venusian atmosphere had the temperatures that they say, how is it that the Venera Nine Spacecraft parachuted a probe through the Venusian atmosphere? The parachute would have melted.
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