Soretna , Dean , it's great to see your
interest in the Puranas...well , it would take a lifetime of
work , 50 years at least , to completely and
accurately translate the vast volume of Sanskrit literature
that exists . This has been attempted in bits and pieces ,
but quite frankly , is beyond the capability of most
scholars , whether Indian or from other countries .
I am not
saying there is no work done at all in this area , only that
it's incomplete and often strongly
biased , one way or the other !
There
are 2 main barriers to a thorough and complete authentic
translation :
-
Deep
knowledge of Sanskrit and equally strong command over
English , within the same individual - not easy to find that
. I think B.G. Tilak who wrote "Arctic Home of the
Vedas" came the closest to this ideal .
Cultural biases which colour the
translations/interpretations - this applies equally to
Indian authors who attempted it , or learned Western
scholars like Max Mueller who spent decades researching this
area (with an agenda) .
In modern times , there is an
obscure researcher , Ajit Vadakayil , I say obscure
because he isn't well known , outside India , who has a
terrific understanding of this subject - a word of caution though , he is awfully
blunt , quite rigid & his writings have often
offended people , even in India !
**As for myself , like any Indian
kid growing up , mythological stories were part of everyday
life . Two things I can say with reasonable
certainty:
1.
Parshuram , the 6th Avatar of Lord Vishnu , lived in the
North-Western part of Indian subcontinent (present day
Pakistan) . He was NOT dwelling in hollow
Earth
2. The 21
warrior Kshatriya tribes in his story were actually
"exterminated" by him , not merely
"expelled" . Since you've ordered your copy of
an English translation of the Vishnu Purana , you will get
this clarity about Parshuram .
Kalki Avatar (10th Avatar of Vishnu)
though , who is prophesised to come at the end of this
ongoing Kalyuga , is going to emerge from Hollow Earth .
As an
aside , Parshu means battle axe in Sanskrit , and the Rig
Veda states in the chapter on Battle of 10 kings...just
Google on
Dashrajanya" , there was a battle axe wielding
tribe known as "Parshu" , that was defeated &
pushed out of ancient India and went westwards to establish
the nation of "Persia" . This can be independently
verified by studying ancient history of Iran in the Avesta , where it is stated that
earliest name of Iran was "Parshu/Parasika" named
after a battle-axe wielding warrior tribe that entered
through Eastern Iran...
http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/battle-axes
BATTLE-AXES in Eastern Iran
BATTLE-AXES in
Eastern Iran. Battle-axes
made of bronze appeared in Eastern Iran during the Bronze
Age. One such
object comes from a burial at the Sapalli-tepa settlement in
southern
Uzbekistan. It has a shaft-hole, an elongated hammer butt,
and its
cutting edge largely widens towards the lower side. It is
dated to the
middle of the second millennium BCE (Askarov, p. 72, pl.
XXVII/2).
Battle-axes remained in use throughout antiquity and the
Middle Ages
(Litvinsky, 2001, pp. 418-24).
The Avesta contains information about battle-axes called
čakuš; the description of Mithra’s chariots in
Yašt 10.131 mentions “well made double-edged
iron axes” (Gershevitch, p. 139; cf. Jackson, p. 116;
Herzfeld, II, p. 783). Yašt 1.18 also mentions
battle-axes among other weapons. In both cases, the term
čakuš is used, and its exact New Persian
correspondence is čākoš, (‘hammer’ or
‘mallet’; see Jackson, p. 116; Malandra, p. 273). In
Tajik, čakuš means ‘hammer’ or ‘mallet’;
the verb čukidan means ‘to hammer’ or ‘to
thresh’, and čukanda stands for ‘hand
threshing tool.’ ; In the Old Persian, the terms
isuvā (of unknown etymology, see Brandenstein and
Mayrhofer, p. 127; Kent, p. 174), and, probably,
vaçā (Malandra, p. 281) were used to describe
battle-axes.
Another reconstructable Old Persian term for the axes,
namely *paraθu, goes back to the common Iranian
*parasu (Abaev, p. 451; Bailey, pp. 13-14). For the
battle-axe, Middle Persian used the term čakuš,
as well as tabar and tabarzēn (Tafazzoli,
pp. 188 and 192).
To describe the pole-axes used by the Central Asian
people, Greek authors used the term sagaris
(Litvinskiǐ and P’yankov, p. 39). Copper pole-axes of
the Massagetae
(Herodotus, 9.215; Strabo, 9.8.6) and those of the Sakas
(Herodotus,
7.64) are known. Quintus Curtius mentions double-blade
pole-axes used by
the Barkanians (Girkanians; see Curtius, 3.2.5).
Archeological excavations at the sites of Central Asian
nomads have
produced metal battle-axes used by the Sakas and the
Massagetae. A whole
series of such battle-axes derives from the Sakas burials
in the
eastern Pamirs (Litvinskiǐ, 1972, pp. 121-25; Litvinskij,
1984, pp.
46-48, fig. 10). Their forms vary greatly (Plate 1), which
makes it
possible to distinguish several types. Two bi-metal
pick-axes (with a
bronze bush-ear and an iron blade) have been found in burial
sites
nearby the Aral Sea. The earliest objects of this type
(dated to the 6th
century BCE) include bi-metal axes and a double-edged axe
which has a
long, slightly curved faceted blade with a head on one side
and a long
narrow blade on the other. Other axes are dated to the
5th-3rd centuries
BCE. These battle-axes have a wide range of similarities
among the
battle-axes from the Black Sea coast, the northern Caucasus,
the Kama
River region, Kazakhstan, southern Siberia, and northern
China
(Litvinskiǐ, 2001, pp. 420-24). Central Asian battle-axes
closely
resemble Achaemenid battle-axes known from iconographic
materials and
archeological finds.
In eastern Iran, settled peoples continued using the
battle-axes in
warfare. Thus, iron battle-axes and an elongated silver
pickaxe of an
intricate shape with gilding have been found at the Old Nisa
(Invernizzi, pp. 129-38, pl. H). Peculiar pickaxes, one made
of bronze
and several of iron, of the Indian ankuśa type,
have been found
at Ay Khanum (Francfort, pp. 56-69, pls. 21, 25, XXI, and
XXXVI).
Pickaxes and battle hammers are presented in Central Asian
and Inner
Asian (northern India included) iconography, as well as on
coins of the
late Hellenistic and post-Hellenistic times (for detailed
lists with
bibliographical references see Invernizzi, pp. 137-38). A
warrior
depicted on a plate from Orlat holds in his hand a
double-edged pickaxe
(Ilyasov and Rusanov, pls. IV/1 and XIII), but this is
already early 3rd
century CE.
Iconography and archaeological finds testify that
battle-axes were
still in use in the 5th-8th centuries, both as a weapon in
battle and as
a symbol of power of a ruler or a military commander. A
silver dish
from the Kulagysh village contains the scene of on-foot
combat which
shows broken battle-axes with a rounded cutting edge and
with the
butt-end in the shape of a long blade (Orbeli and Trever,
table 21).
Similar objects can be found in the paintings of Pendjikent.
An iron
battle-axe with a rounded narrow blade and a small butt was
found in the
layer of the 6th-7th centuries at Aktepe of Yunusabad near
Tashkent
(Terenozhkin, pp. 123-24, fig. 25/7; Raspopova, pp.
77-78).
Ceremonial maces existed too, they frequently appear in
wall
paintings. A real object of the type with the upper part
executed like a
male head has been found at the Azhartepa (Berdimuradov and
Samibaev,
p. 40, figs. 93-94).
Battle-axes of various types continued to be manufactured
and used in
Eastern Iran up until the Late Middle Ages (Mukminvoa, p.
114).
Hope this helps !
Regards