List members , I am really amused to see the bewilderment of mainstream scientists about the apparent "leakage" from Earth's core :))They believe the mantle plumes are caused by lava leaking out of Earth's core and spilling upwards into the mantle .
**A much simpler and correct explanation is Expanding Earth Theory . I bet Neal Adams could do an excellent job in explaining to these misguided scientists that what they think as "leakage" from Earth's core is actually firm proof of expanding Earth - as in new energy and matter as inputs coming outwards from the core and causing Earth to expand .
How does the Earth's core get it's energy ? It gets it from the external sun via magnetic portals in space from the Van Allen Belt , during Electromagnetic Flux Transfer Events (FTEs) , when solar wind collides with Earth's magnetic field . This excess energy in the Earth's core then gets condensed into matter, mostly in the form of H2O (water) that pushes outwards , causing the planet to expand .
Moreover , Etidorpha explains beautifully how superheated water & steam , trapped inside the crust is the predominant cause of volcanism .
Also , please IGNORE all the structural diagrams of the "solid" earth's interior depicted in the article below . They're ALL wrong , because Earth is Hollow , NOT a solid sphere that mainstream science assumes it to be !
Earth's Core Has Been Leaking for 2.5 Billion Years and Geologists Don't Know Why
Credit: Shutterstock
Earth's scorching core is not a loner — it has been caught mingling with other, underworldly layers. That's according to a new study that found the innermost part of the planet leaks some of its contents into mantle plumes, some of which eventually reach Earth's surface.
This discovery helps settle a debate that's been raging for decades: whether the core and mantle exchange any material, the researchers said.
"Our findings suggest some core material does transfer into the base of these mantle plumes, and the core has been leaking this material for the past 2.5 billion years," the researchers wrote in The Conversation, a website where scientists write about their research for the public. [Photos: The World's Weirdest Geological Formations]
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Photos: The World's Weirdest Geological Formations
From natural nuclear reactors to crystals two stories tall, these 10 geological structures are some of the weird...
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The finding was made possible by the metal tungsten (W), element 74 on the periodic table. If tungsten were to make a dating profile, it would note that it's a siderophile, or "iron lover." So, it's no surprise that a lot of tungsten hangs out in Earth's core, which is made primarily of iron and nickel.
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Facts About Tungsten
Properties, sources and uses of the element tungsten.
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How Earth's Core Got Its Iron
A new model explains how the newly born Earth's iron core formed as dribs and drabs of iron percolated inward fr...
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On its profile, tungsten would also list that it has a few isotopes (an element with a different number of neutrons in its nucleus), including W-182 (with 108 neutrons) and W-184 (with 110 neutrons). While devising their study, the researchers realized that these isotopes could help them solve the core-leaking question.
Another element, hafnium (Hf), is a lithophile, meaning it loves rocks and can be found in Earth's silicate-rich mantle. With a half-life of 8.9 million years, hafnium's radioactive isotope Hf-182 decays into W-182. This means that the mantle should have more W-182 than the core does, the scientists reasoned.
"Therefore, chemical exchange between the core and the source of mantle plumes could be detectable in the 182W/184W ratio of ocean island basalts," which come from plumes in the mantle, the researchers wrote in the study.
But this difference in tungsten would be incredibly small: The tungsten-182 composition in the mantle and core were expected to differ by only about 200 parts per million (ppm). "Fewer than five laboratories in the world can do this type of analysis," the researchers wrote in The Conversation.
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Sluggish Surprise Found Deep Inside Earth
The heat in Earth's core flows more sluggishly than previously predicted, say scientists who simulated the high-...
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Earth's inner layers Credit: Shutterstock
Furthermore, it's not easy to study the core, because it begins at a depth of about 1,800 miles (2,900 kilometers) underground. To put that into perspective, the deepest hole humans have ever dug is the Kola Superdeep Borehole in Russia, which has a depth of about 7.6 miles (12.3 km).
So, the researchers studied the next best thing: rocks that oozed to Earth's surface from the deep mantle at the Pilbara Craton in Western Australia, and the Réunion Island and Kerguelen Archipelago hotspots in the Indian Ocean.
Leak detected
The amount of tungsten in these rocks revealed a leak from the core. Over Earth's lifetime, there was a big change in the W-182-to-W-184 ratio in Earth's mantle, the researchers found. Oddly, Earth's oldest rocks have a higher W-182-to-W-184 ratio than most modern-day rocks do, they discovered.
"The change in the 182W/184W ratio of the mantle indicates that tungsten from the core has been leaking into the mantle for a long time," the researchers wrote in The Conversation. [Photos: Geologists Home-Brew Lava]
Earth is about 4.5 billion years old. The planet's oldest mantle rocks, however, didn't have any significant changes in tungsten isotopes. This suggests that from 4.3 billion to 2.7 billion years ago, there was little or no exchange of material from the core to the upper mantle, the researchers said.
But in the past 2.5 billion years, the tungsten isotope composition in the mantle has changed substantially. Why did this happen? If mantle plumes are rising from the core-mantle boundary, then perhaps, like a see-saw, material from Earth's surface is going down into the deep mantle, the researchers said. This surface material has oxygen in it, an element that can affect tungsten, the researchers said.
"Subduction, the term used for rocks from Earth's surface descending into the mantle, takes oxygen-rich material from the surface into the deep mantle as an integral component of plate tectonics," the researchers wrote in The Conversation. "Experiments show that [an] increase in oxygen concentration at the core-mantle boundary could cause tungsten to separate out of the core and into the mantle."
Or, maybe as the inner core solidified after Earth formed, the oxygen concentration in the outer core increased, the researchers said. "In this case, our new results could tell us something about the evolution of the core, including the origin of Earth's magnetic field," they wrote in The Conversation.
The study was published online June 20 in the journal Geochemical Perspectives Letters.
Spectacular Geology: Amazing Photos of the American Southwest
Am Donnerstag, 25. Juli 2019, 19:14:41 MESZ hat sidhartha bahadur [email protected] [ALLPLANETS-HOLLOW] <[email protected]> Folgendes geschrieben:
List members , I am really amused to see the bewilderment of mainstream scientists about the apparent "leakage" from Earth's core :))They believe the mantle plumes are caused by lava leaking out of Earth's core and spilling upwards into the mantle .
**A much simpler and correct explanation is Expanding Earth Theory . I bet Neal Adams could do an excellent job in explaining to these misguided scientists that what they think as "leakage" from Earth's core is actually firm proof of expanding Earth - as in new energy and matter as inputs coming outwards from the core and causing Earth to expand .
How does the Earth's core get it's energy ? It gets it from the external sun via magnetic portals in space from the Van Allen Belt , during Electromagnetic Flux Transfer Events (FTEs) , when solar wind collides with Earth's magnetic field . This excess energy in the Earth's core then gets condensed into matter, mostly in the form of H2O (water) that pushes outwards , causing the planet to expand .
Moreover , Etidorpha explains beautifully how superheated water & steam , trapped inside the crust is the predominant cause of volcanism .
Also , please IGNORE all the structural diagrams of the "solid" earth's interior depicted in the article below . They're ALL wrong , because Earth is Hollow , NOT a solid sphere that mainstream science assumes it to be !
Earth's Core Has Been Leaking for 2.5 Billion Years and Geologists Don't Know Why
Credit: Shutterstock
Earth's scorching core is not a loner — it has been caught mingling with other, underworldly layers. That's according to a new study that found the innermost part of the planet leaks some of its contents into mantle plumes, some of which eventually reach Earth's surface.
This discovery helps settle a debate that's been raging for decades: whether the core and mantle exchange any material, the researchers said.
"Our findings suggest some core material does transfer into the base of these mantle plumes, and the core has been leaking this material for the past 2.5 billion years," the researchers wrote in The Conversation, a website where scientists write about their research for the public. [Photos: The World's Weirdest Geological Formations]
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Photos: The World's Weirdest Geological Formations
From natural nuclear reactors to crystals two stories tall, these 10 geological structures are some of the weird...
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|
The finding was made possible by the metal tungsten (W), element 74 on the periodic table. If tungsten were to make a dating profile, it would note that it's a siderophile, or "iron lover." So, it's no surprise that a lot of tungsten hangs out in Earth's core, which is made primarily of iron and nickel.
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Facts About Tungsten
Properties, sources and uses of the element tungsten.
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How Earth's Core Got Its Iron
A new model explains how the newly born Earth's iron core formed as dribs and drabs of iron percolated inward fr...
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|
On its profile, tungsten would also list that it has a few isotopes (an element with a different number of neutrons in its nucleus), including W-182 (with 108 neutrons) and W-184 (with 110 neutrons). While devising their study, the researchers realized that these isotopes could help them solve the core-leaking question.
Another element, hafnium (Hf), is a lithophile, meaning it loves rocks and can be found in Earth's silicate-rich mantle. With a half-life of 8.9 million years, hafnium's radioactive isotope Hf-182 decays into W-182. This means that the mantle should have more W-182 than the core does, the scientists reasoned.
"Therefore, chemical exchange between the core and the source of mantle plumes could be detectable in the 182W/184W ratio of ocean island basalts," which come from plumes in the mantle, the researchers wrote in the study.
But this difference in tungsten would be incredibly small: The tungsten-182 composition in the mantle and core were expected to differ by only about 200 parts per million (ppm). "Fewer than five laboratories in the world can do this type of analysis," the researchers wrote in The Conversation.
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Sluggish Surprise Found Deep Inside Earth
The heat in Earth's core flows more sluggishly than previously predicted, say scientists who simulated the high-...
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Earth's inner layers Credit: Shutterstock
Furthermore, it's not easy to study the core, because it begins at a depth of about 1,800 miles (2,900 kilometers) underground. To put that into perspective, the deepest hole humans have ever dug is the Kola Superdeep Borehole in Russia, which has a depth of about 7.6 miles (12.3 km).
So, the researchers studied the next best thing: rocks that oozed to Earth's surface from the deep mantle at the Pilbara Craton in Western Australia, and the Réunion Island and Kerguelen Archipelago hotspots in the Indian Ocean.
Leak detected
The amount of tungsten in these rocks revealed a leak from the core. Over Earth's lifetime, there was a big change in the W-182-to-W-184 ratio in Earth's mantle, the researchers found. Oddly, Earth's oldest rocks have a higher W-182-to-W-184 ratio than most modern-day rocks do, they discovered.
"The change in the 182W/184W ratio of the mantle indicates that tungsten from the core has been leaking into the mantle for a long time," the researchers wrote in The Conversation. [Photos: Geologists Home-Brew Lava]
Earth is about 4.5 billion years old. The planet's oldest mantle rocks, however, didn't have any significant changes in tungsten isotopes. This suggests that from 4.3 billion to 2.7 billion years ago, there was little or no exchange of material from the core to the upper mantle, the researchers said.
But in the past 2.5 billion years, the tungsten isotope composition in the mantle has changed substantially. Why did this happen? If mantle plumes are rising from the core-mantle boundary, then perhaps, like a see-saw, material from Earth's surface is going down into the deep mantle, the researchers said. This surface material has oxygen in it, an element that can affect tungsten, the researchers said.
"Subduction, the term used for rocks from Earth's surface descending into the mantle, takes oxygen-rich material from the surface into the deep mantle as an integral component of plate tectonics," the researchers wrote in The Conversation. "Experiments show that [an] increase in oxygen concentration at the core-mantle boundary could cause tungsten to separate out of the core and into the mantle."
Or, maybe as the inner core solidified after Earth formed, the oxygen concentration in the outer core increased, the researchers said. "In this case, our new results could tell us something about the evolution of the core, including the origin of Earth's magnetic field," they wrote in The Conversation.
The study was published online June 20 in the journal Geochemical Perspectives Letters.
Spectacular Geology: Amazing Photos of the American Southwest
In Photos: The UK's Geologic Wonders
50 Amazing Volcano Facts
Originally published on Live Science
Yahoo Groups removed 5 attachments from this message: Agartha Asgard .jpg (image/jpeg), Agartha Liberia (1).jpeg (image/jpeg), innere3.jpg (image/jpeg), hollow+earth+123.jpg (image/jpeg), =?UTF-8?b?Tm9yZGxvY2ggRXJkZS5qcGc=?= (image/jpeg)
Hi Bernard , thanks for sharing this set of interesting images .
Regards
List members , I am really amused to see the bewilderment of mainstream scientists about the apparent "leakage" from Earth's core :))They believe the mantle plumes are caused by lava leaking out of Earth's core and spilling upwards into the mantle .
**A much simpler and correct explanation is Expanding Earth Theory . I bet Neal Adams could do an excellent job in explaining to these misguided scientists that what they think as "leakage" from Earth's core is actually firm proof of expanding Earth - as in new energy and matter as inputs coming outwards from the core and causing Earth to expand .
How does the Earth's core get it's energy ? It gets it from the external sun via magnetic portals in space from the Van Allen Belt , during Electromagnetic Flux Transfer Events (FTEs) , when solar wind collides with Earth's magnetic field . This excess energy in the Earth's core then gets condensed into matter, mostly in the form of H2O (water) that pushes outwards , causing the planet to expand .
Moreover , Etidorpha explains beautifully how superheated water & steam , trapped inside the crust is the predominant cause of volcanism .
Also , please IGNORE all the structural diagrams of the "solid" earth's interior depicted in the article below . They're ALL wrong , because Earth is Hollow , NOT a solid sphere that mainstream science assumes it to be !
Earth's Core Has Been Leaking for 2.5 Billion Years and Geologists Don't Know Why
Credit: Shutterstock
Earth's scorching core is not a loner — it has been caught mingling with other, underworldly layers. That's according to a new study that found the innermost part of the planet leaks some of its contents into mantle plumes, some of which eventually reach Earth's surface.
This discovery helps settle a debate that's been raging for decades: whether the core and mantle exchange any material, the researchers said.
"Our findings suggest some core material does transfer into the base of these mantle plumes, and the core has been leaking this material for the past 2.5 billion years," the researchers wrote in The Conversation, a website where scientists write about their research for the public. [Photos: The World's Weirdest Geological Formations]
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Photos: The World's Weirdest Geological Formations
From natural nuclear reactors to crystals two stories tall, these 10 geological structures are some of the weird...
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|
The finding was made possible by the metal tungsten (W), element 74 on the periodic table. If tungsten were to make a dating profile, it would note that it's a siderophile, or "iron lover." So, it's no surprise that a lot of tungsten hangs out in Earth's core, which is made primarily of iron and nickel.
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Facts About Tungsten
Properties, sources and uses of the element tungsten.
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How Earth's Core Got Its Iron
A new model explains how the newly born Earth's iron core formed as dribs and drabs of iron percolated inward fr...
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|
|
On its profile, tungsten would also list that it has a few isotopes (an element with a different number of neutrons in its nucleus), including W-182 (with 108 neutrons) and W-184 (with 110 neutrons). While devising their study, the researchers realized that these isotopes could help them solve the core-leaking question.
Another element, hafnium (Hf), is a lithophile, meaning it loves rocks and can be found in Earth's silicate-rich mantle. With a half-life of 8.9 million years, hafnium's radioactive isotope Hf-182 decays into W-182. This means that the mantle should have more W-182 than the core does, the scientists reasoned.
"Therefore, chemical exchange between the core and the source of mantle plumes could be detectable in the 182W/184W ratio of ocean island basalts," which come from plumes in the mantle, the researchers wrote in the study.
But this difference in tungsten would be incredibly small: The tungsten-182 composition in the mantle and core were expected to differ by only about 200 parts per million (ppm). "Fewer than five laboratories in the world can do this type of analysis," the researchers wrote in The Conversation.
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Sluggish Surprise Found Deep Inside Earth
The heat in Earth's core flows more sluggishly than previously predicted, say scientists who simulated the high-...
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|
Earth's inner layers Credit: Shutterstock
Furthermore, it's not easy to study the core, because it begins at a depth of about 1,800 miles (2,900 kilometers) underground. To put that into perspective, the deepest hole humans have ever dug is the Kola Superdeep Borehole in Russia, which has a depth of about 7.6 miles (12.3 km).
So, the researchers studied the next best thing: rocks that oozed to Earth's surface from the deep mantle at the Pilbara Craton in Western Australia, and the Réunion Island and Kerguelen Archipelago hotspots in the Indian Ocean.
Leak detected
The amount of tungsten in these rocks revealed a leak from the core. Over Earth's lifetime, there was a big change in the W-182-to-W-184 ratio in Earth's mantle, the researchers found. Oddly, Earth's oldest rocks have a higher W-182-to-W-184 ratio than most modern-day rocks do, they discovered.
"The change in the 182W/184W ratio of the mantle indicates that tungsten from the core has been leaking into the mantle for a long time," the researchers wrote in The Conversation. [Photos: Geologists Home-Brew Lava]
Earth is about 4.5 billion years old. The planet's oldest mantle rocks, however, didn't have any significant changes in tungsten isotopes. This suggests that from 4.3 billion to 2.7 billion years ago, there was little or no exchange of material from the core to the upper mantle, the researchers said.
But in the past 2.5 billion years, the tungsten isotope composition in the mantle has changed substantially. Why did this happen? If mantle plumes are rising from the core-mantle boundary, then perhaps, like a see-saw, material from Earth's surface is going down into the deep mantle, the researchers said. This surface material has oxygen in it, an element that can affect tungsten, the researchers said.
"Subduction, the term used for rocks from Earth's surface descending into the mantle, takes oxygen-rich material from the surface into the deep mantle as an integral component of plate tectonics," the researchers wrote in The Conversation. "Experiments show that [an] increase in oxygen concentration at the core-mantle boundary could cause tungsten to separate out of the core and into the mantle."
Or, maybe as the inner core solidified after Earth formed, the oxygen concentration in the outer core increased, the researchers said. "In this case, our new results could tell us something about the evolution of the core, including the origin of Earth's magnetic field," they wrote in The Conversation.
The study was published online June 20 in the journal Geochemical Perspectives Letters.
Spectacular Geology: Amazing Photos of the American Southwest
Folks , it is likely that strange magnetic portals connect Earth to the Sun , whereby the Electromagnetic FTEs (Flux Transfer Events) occur , thus generating Birkeland Currents .
The planet Earth appears to be exchanging material and energy with our solar system. Is Earth part of a solar system energy circuit?Are all the other planets. moons and even active asteroids and comets all in a plasma circuit? Exchanging and transforming energy and molecules/matter ? The Exchanging Earth theory provides good supporting evidence for the Expanding Earth Hypothesis .
The so called "leakage of Lava plumes from Earth's core" is actually the mechanism by which the inner Sun is "fed" energy and sustained .
https://www.xearththeory.com/exchanging-earth-intro/
XEarth
Exchanging Earth
April 11, 2015 XEarth 2 Comments XEarth
The planet Earth appears to be exchanging material and energy with our solar system. Is Earth part of a solar system energy circuit?
Are all the other planets. moons and even active asteroids and comets all in a plasma circuit? Exchanging and transforming energy and molecules/matter?
All planets, moons and the Sun in our Solar System and the Universe were considered by Scientific theory to be isolated objects that were not interacting with each other.
Which is why the Earth has the molten metal core as how else could our planet have such a strong magnetosphere?
Click on the link for a list of all the Exchanging Earth articles.
Planets exchanging energy systems
Science has now changed the isolated bodies theory as more and more connections are being found between our Solar Systems bodies. So why do we still have a molten metal core?
The Earth is electromagnetically connected to the Sun (NASA).
The Earths Plasma Fountain (Wikipedia).
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Polar wind
The term was coined in 1968 in a pair of articles by Banks and Holzer[3] and by Ian Axford.[4] Since the process...
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The Earth has a global electrical atmosphere circuit that also connects with our plasmasphere (and the rest of the solar system?).
Spacequakes are similar to Earthquakes.
Jupiter has an electromagnetic connection to its moons, especially Io and now Ganymede.
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Io (moon)
Io (Jupiter I) is the innermost of the four Galilean moons of the planet Jupiter. It is the fourth-largest moon ...
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Plasma, electrically charged gas, is believed to make up over 99% over the known Universe.
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Plasma (physics) - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Porcess and Energy for a Growing or Expanding Earth?
Perhaps an Earth exchanging and/or converting energy and matter with an Electromagnetic Universe might help to explain an Expanding or Growing Earth or even the bizarre idea of an expanding planet Venus?
Solar system energy circuits and components?
Part of the earths electric circuit Earths polar plasma fountain Earths plasma bombs Sun and Earth connection Electromagnetic planet – molten metal core or electromagnet?
Strange Magnetic Portal Connects Earth to Sun
November 03, 2008Science & Astronomy
Once the portals open, loads of high-energy particles can travel the 93 million miles (150 million km) through the conduit during its brief opening, space scientists say.
Called a flux transfer event, or FTE, such cosmic connections not only exist but are possibly twice as common as anyone ever imagined, according to space scientists who attended the 2008 Plasma Workshop in Huntsville, Ala., last week.
"Ten years ago I was pretty sure they didn't exist, but now the evidence is incontrovertible," said David Sibeck, an astrophysicist at the Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland.
RECOMMENDED VIDEOS FOR YOU...CLOSE
Dynamic bursts
Researchers have long known that the Earth and sun must be connected. For instance,particles from the sun are constantly whisked away via the solar wind and often follow magnetic field lines that connect the sun's atmosphere with terra firma. The field lines allow particles to penetrate Earth's magnetosphere, the magnetic bubble that surrounds our planet.
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Sun's Atmosphere Sings
Astronomers have recorded heavenly music bellowed out by the Sun?s atmosphere.
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Near-Earth Space Bubbles Mapped
Full maps of plasma bubbles around Earth have been mapped.
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"We used to think the connection was permanent and that solar wind could trickleinto the near-Earth environment anytime the wind was active," Sibeck said. "We were wrong. The connections are not steady at all. They are often brief, bursty and very dynamic."
Several speakers at the workshop outlined the formation of a flux transfer event. Oneidea is that on the side of Earth facing the sun, our magnetic field presses against the sun's magnetic field. And about every eight minutes, the two fields briefly reconnect,forming a portal through which particles can flow. The portal takes the form of a magnetic cylinder about as wide as Earth.
Sibeck said to think of the FTE as a giant rolling pin that lies flat along the boundary between the Earth's and sun's magnetic fields. (He noted the rolling pin would have to be malleable so it could pierce through both magnetic fields while lying flat.)
"These FTEs kind of look like roller pins, and they form as little blob roller pins atthe tip of the magnetosphere facing the sun," Sibeck told SPACE.com."They can't decide which way they're going to slide around the Earth, so they grow there into big roller pins and then they take off and sort of spirally roll along [Earth's magnetosphere] like you're pounding out dough."
More than one FTE can form at once, he said, and they stay open for about 15 to 20 minutes.
More to learn
In order to measure such FTEs, spacecraft must not only catch them forming but also be oneither end of the magnetic structures (either lengthwise or widthwise). In fact, the European Space Agency's fleet of four Cluster spacecraft and NASA's five THEMIS probes have flown through and surrounded these cylinders, measuring their dimensions and sensing the particles that shoot through, Sibeck said. While these measurements have nailed down the width of an FTE, the length is still uncertain though one measurement put it at up to five Earth radii. One Earth radius is about 4,000 miles (6,400 kilometers).
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Storm Hunt: Spacecraft Quintet to Track Down Magnetic Field Tempests
They may seem small and boxy, but five NASA probes have a lofty purpose: sifting through the Earth’s magnetic fi...
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Astrophysicist Jimmy Raeder of the University of New Hampshire used those measurements to develop computer simulations of the portals. He found the cylindrical portals tend to form above Earth's equator and then in December, the FTEs would roll over the North Pole. In July, they roll over the South Pole.
Sibeck thinks the events occur twice as often as previously thought, proposing two types of flux transfer events: active and passive.
When the magnetic cylinders are active, they allow particles to flow through rather easily, forming important conduits of energy for Earth's magnetosphere, Sibeck said. When passive, the cylinders have more resistance to transiting particles.The internal structure of a passive cylinder makes it tougher for particles and magnetic fields to flow through. Sibeck has calculated the properties of passive FTEs and hopes he and his colleagues will hunt for signs of them in data collected with THEMIS and Cluster.
The space scientists at the workshop still want to figure out why the portals form every eight minutes and how magnetic fields inside the cylinders twist and coil.
The Strangest Things in Space
Video - Can You Time Travel?
Top 10 Time Travel Tales
Regards
List members , I am really amused to see the bewilderment of mainstream scientists about the apparent "leakage" from Earth's core :))They believe the mantle plumes are caused by lava leaking out of Earth's core and spilling upwards into the mantle .
**A much simpler and correct explanation is Expanding Earth Theory . I bet Neal Adams could do an excellent job in explaining to these misguided scientists that what they think as "leakage" from Earth's core is actually firm proof of expanding Earth - as in new energy and matter as inputs coming outwards from the core and causing Earth to expand .
How does the Earth's core get it's energy ? It gets it from the external sun via magnetic portals in space from the Van Allen Belt , during Electromagnetic Flux Transfer Events (FTEs) , when solar wind collides with Earth's magnetic field . This excess energy in the Earth's core then gets condensed into matter, mostly in the form of H2O (water) that pushes outwards , causing the planet to expand .
Moreover , Etidorpha explains beautifully how superheated water & steam , trapped inside the crust is the predominant cause of volcanism .
Also , please IGNORE all the structural diagrams of the "solid" earth's interior depicted in the article below . They're ALL wrong , because Earth is Hollow , NOT a solid sphere that mainstream science assumes it to be !
Earth's Core Has Been Leaking for 2.5 Billion Years and Geologists Don't Know Why
Credit: Shutterstock
Earth's scorching core is not a loner — it has been caught mingling with other, underworldly layers. That's according to a new study that found the innermost part of the planet leaks some of its contents into mantle plumes, some of which eventually reach Earth's surface.
This discovery helps settle a debate that's been raging for decades: whether the core and mantle exchange any material, the researchers said.
"Our findings suggest some core material does transfer into the base of these mantle plumes, and the core has been leaking this material for the past 2.5 billion years," the researchers wrote in The Conversation, a website where scientists write about their research for the public. [Photos: The World's Weirdest Geological Formations]
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Photos: The World's Weirdest Geological Formations
From natural nuclear reactors to crystals two stories tall, these 10 geological structures are some of the weird...
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|
The finding was made possible by the metal tungsten (W), element 74 on the periodic table. If tungsten were to make a dating profile, it would note that it's a siderophile, or "iron lover." So, it's no surprise that a lot of tungsten hangs out in Earth's core, which is made primarily of iron and nickel.
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Facts About Tungsten
Properties, sources and uses of the element tungsten.
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How Earth's Core Got Its Iron
A new model explains how the newly born Earth's iron core formed as dribs and drabs of iron percolated inward fr...
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|
On its profile, tungsten would also list that it has a few isotopes (an element with a different number of neutrons in its nucleus), including W-182 (with 108 neutrons) and W-184 (with 110 neutrons). While devising their study, the researchers realized that these isotopes could help them solve the core-leaking question.
Another element, hafnium (Hf), is a lithophile, meaning it loves rocks and can be found in Earth's silicate-rich mantle. With a half-life of 8.9 million years, hafnium's radioactive isotope Hf-182 decays into W-182. This means that the mantle should have more W-182 than the core does, the scientists reasoned.
"Therefore, chemical exchange between the core and the source of mantle plumes could be detectable in the 182W/184W ratio of ocean island basalts," which come from plumes in the mantle, the researchers wrote in the study.
But this difference in tungsten would be incredibly small: The tungsten-182 composition in the mantle and core were expected to differ by only about 200 parts per million (ppm). "Fewer than five laboratories in the world can do this type of analysis," the researchers wrote in The Conversation.
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Sluggish Surprise Found Deep Inside Earth
The heat in Earth's core flows more sluggishly than previously predicted, say scientists who simulated the high-...
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Earth's inner layers Credit: Shutterstock
Furthermore, it's not easy to study the core, because it begins at a depth of about 1,800 miles (2,900 kilometers) underground. To put that into perspective, the deepest hole humans have ever dug is the Kola Superdeep Borehole in Russia, which has a depth of about 7.6 miles (12.3 km).
So, the researchers studied the next best thing: rocks that oozed to Earth's surface from the deep mantle at the Pilbara Craton in Western Australia, and the Réunion Island and Kerguelen Archipelago hotspots in the Indian Ocean.
Leak detected
The amount of tungsten in these rocks revealed a leak from the core. Over Earth's lifetime, there was a big change in the W-182-to-W-184 ratio in Earth's mantle, the researchers found. Oddly, Earth's oldest rocks have a higher W-182-to-W-184 ratio than most modern-day rocks do, they discovered.
"The change in the 182W/184W ratio of the mantle indicates that tungsten from the core has been leaking into the mantle for a long time," the researchers wrote in The Conversation. [Photos: Geologists Home-Brew Lava]
Earth is about 4.5 billion years old. The planet's oldest mantle rocks, however, didn't have any significant changes in tungsten isotopes. This suggests that from 4.3 billion to 2.7 billion years ago, there was little or no exchange of material from the core to the upper mantle, the researchers said.
But in the past 2.5 billion years, the tungsten isotope composition in the mantle has changed substantially. Why did this happen? If mantle plumes are rising from the core-mantle boundary, then perhaps, like a see-saw, material from Earth's surface is going down into the deep mantle, the researchers said. This surface material has oxygen in it, an element that can affect tungsten, the researchers said.
"Subduction, the term used for rocks from Earth's surface descending into the mantle, takes oxygen-rich material from the surface into the deep mantle as an integral component of plate tectonics," the researchers wrote in The Conversation. "Experiments show that [an] increase in oxygen concentration at the core-mantle boundary could cause tungsten to separate out of the core and into the mantle."
Or, maybe as the inner core solidified after Earth formed, the oxygen concentration in the outer core increased, the researchers said. "In this case, our new results could tell us something about the evolution of the core, including the origin of Earth's magnetic field," they wrote in The Conversation.
The study was published online June 20 in the journal Geochemical Perspectives Letters.
Spectacular Geology: Amazing Photos of the American Southwest
With all this power "floating" around us, to believe there is no "free energy" to be harnessed is beyond ludicrous.
The "powers that be" are doing a real good jb of keeping it from us for their own greed...
The planet Earth appears to be exchanging material and energy with our solar system. Is Earth part of a solar system energy circuit?Are all the other planets. moons and even active asteroids and comets all in a plasma circuit? Exchanging and transforming energy and molecules/matter ? The Exchanging Earth theory provides good supporting evidence for the Expanding Earth Hypothesis .
The so called "leakage of Lava plumes from Earth's core" is actually the mechanism by which the inner Sun is "fed" energy and sustained .
https://www.xearththeory.com/exchanging-earth-intro/
XEarth
Exchanging Earth
April 11, 2015 XEarth 2 Comments XEarth
The planet Earth appears to be exchanging material and energy with our solar system. Is Earth part of a solar system energy circuit?
Are all the other planets. moons and even active asteroids and comets all in a plasma circuit? Exchanging and transforming energy and molecules/matter?
All planets, moons and the Sun in our Solar System and the Universe were considered by Scientific theory to be isolated objects that were not interacting with each other.
Which is why the Earth has the molten metal core as how else could our planet have such a strong magnetosphere?
Click on the link for a list of all the Exchanging Earth articles.
Planets exchanging energy systems
Science has now changed the isolated bodies theory as more and more connections are being found between our Solar Systems bodies. So why do we still have a molten metal core?
The Earth is electromagnetically connected to the Sun (NASA).
The Earths Plasma Fountain (Wikipedia).
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Polar wind
The term was coined in 1968 in a pair of articles by Banks and Holzer[3] and by Ian Axford.[4] Since the process...
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The Earth has a global electrical atmosphere circuit that also connects with our plasmasphere (and the rest of the solar system?).
Spacequakes are similar to Earthquakes.
Jupiter has an electromagnetic connection to its moons, especially Io and now Ganymede.
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Io (moon)
Io (Jupiter I) is the innermost of the four Galilean moons of the planet Jupiter. It is the fourth-largest moon ...
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Plasma, electrically charged gas, is believed to make up over 99% over the known Universe.
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Plasma (physics) - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Porcess and Energy for a Growing or Expanding Earth?
Perhaps an Earth exchanging and/or converting energy and matter with an Electromagnetic Universe might help to explain an Expanding or Growing Earth or even the bizarre idea of an expanding planet Venus?
Solar system energy circuits and components?
Part of the earths electric circuit Earths polar plasma fountain Earths plasma bombs Sun and Earth connection Electromagnetic planet – molten metal core or electromagnet?
Strange Magnetic Portal Connects Earth to Sun
November 03, 2008Science & Astronomy
Once the portals open, loads of high-energy particles can travel the 93 million miles (150 million km) through the conduit during its brief opening, space scientists say.
Called a flux transfer event, or FTE, such cosmic connections not only exist but are possibly twice as common as anyone ever imagined, according to space scientists who attended the 2008 Plasma Workshop in Huntsville, Ala., last week.
"Ten years ago I was pretty sure they didn't exist, but now the evidence is incontrovertible," said David Sibeck, an astrophysicist at the Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland.
RECOMMENDED VIDEOS FOR YOU...CLOSE
Dynamic bursts
Researchers have long known that the Earth and sun must be connected. For instance,particles from the sun are constantly whisked away via the solar wind and often follow magnetic field lines that connect the sun's atmosphere with terra firma. The field lines allow particles to penetrate Earth's magnetosphere, the magnetic bubble that surrounds our planet.
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Sun's Atmosphere Sings
Astronomers have recorded heavenly music bellowed out by the Sun?s atmosphere.
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Near-Earth Space Bubbles Mapped
Full maps of plasma bubbles around Earth have been mapped.
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"We used to think the connection was permanent and that solar wind could trickleinto the near-Earth environment anytime the wind was active," Sibeck said. "We were wrong. The connections are not steady at all. They are often brief, bursty and very dynamic."
Several speakers at the workshop outlined the formation of a flux transfer event. Oneidea is that on the side of Earth facing the sun, our magnetic field presses against the sun's magnetic field. And about every eight minutes, the two fields briefly reconnect,forming a portal through which particles can flow. The portal takes the form of a magnetic cylinder about as wide as Earth.
Sibeck said to think of the FTE as a giant rolling pin that lies flat along the boundary between the Earth's and sun's magnetic fields. (He noted the rolling pin would have to be malleable so it could pierce through both magnetic fields while lying flat.)
"These FTEs kind of look like roller pins, and they form as little blob roller pins atthe tip of the magnetosphere facing the sun," Sibeck told SPACE.com."They can't decide which way they're going to slide around the Earth, so they grow there into big roller pins and then they take off and sort of spirally roll along [Earth's magnetosphere] like you're pounding out dough."
More than one FTE can form at once, he said, and they stay open for about 15 to 20 minutes.
More to learn
In order to measure such FTEs, spacecraft must not only catch them forming but also be oneither end of the magnetic structures (either lengthwise or widthwise). In fact, the European Space Agency's fleet of four Cluster spacecraft and NASA's five THEMIS probes have flown through and surrounded these cylinders, measuring their dimensions and sensing the particles that shoot through, Sibeck said. While these measurements have nailed down the width of an FTE, the length is still uncertain though one measurement put it at up to five Earth radii. One Earth radius is about 4,000 miles (6,400 kilometers).
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Storm Hunt: Spacecraft Quintet to Track Down Magnetic Field Tempests
They may seem small and boxy, but five NASA probes have a lofty purpose: sifting through the Earth’s magnetic fi...
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Astrophysicist Jimmy Raeder of the University of New Hampshire used those measurements to develop computer simulations of the portals. He found the cylindrical portals tend to form above Earth's equator and then in December, the FTEs would roll over the North Pole. In July, they roll over the South Pole.
Sibeck thinks the events occur twice as often as previously thought, proposing two types of flux transfer events: active and passive.
When the magnetic cylinders are active, they allow particles to flow through rather easily, forming important conduits of energy for Earth's magnetosphere, Sibeck said. When passive, the cylinders have more resistance to transiting particles.The internal structure of a passive cylinder makes it tougher for particles and magnetic fields to flow through. Sibeck has calculated the properties of passive FTEs and hopes he and his colleagues will hunt for signs of them in data collected with THEMIS and Cluster.
The space scientists at the workshop still want to figure out why the portals form every eight minutes and how magnetic fields inside the cylinders twist and coil.
The Strangest Things in Space
Video - Can You Time Travel?
Top 10 Time Travel Tales
Regards
List members , I am really amused to see the bewilderment of mainstream scientists about the apparent "leakage" from Earth's core :))They believe the mantle plumes are caused by lava leaking out of Earth's core and spilling upwards into the mantle .
**A much simpler and correct explanation is Expanding Earth Theory . I bet Neal Adams could do an excellent job in explaining to these misguided scientists that what they think as "leakage" from Earth's core is actually firm proof of expanding Earth - as in new energy and matter as inputs coming outwards from the core and causing Earth to expand .
How does the Earth's core get it's energy ? It gets it from the external sun via magnetic portals in space from the Van Allen Belt , during Electromagnetic Flux Transfer Events (FTEs) , when solar wind collides with Earth's magnetic field . This excess energy in the Earth's core then gets condensed into matter, mostly in the form of H2O (water) that pushes outwards , causing the planet to expand .
Moreover , Etidorpha explains beautifully how superheated water & steam , trapped inside the crust is the predominant cause of volcanism .
Also , please IGNORE all the structural diagrams of the "solid" earth's interior depicted in the article below . They're ALL wrong , because Earth is Hollow , NOT a solid sphere that mainstream science assumes it to be !
Earth's Core Has Been Leaking for 2.5 Billion Years and Geologists Don't Know Why
Credit: Shutterstock
Earth's scorching core is not a loner — it has been caught mingling with other, underworldly layers. That's according to a new study that found the innermost part of the planet leaks some of its contents into mantle plumes, some of which eventually reach Earth's surface.
This discovery helps settle a debate that's been raging for decades: whether the core and mantle exchange any material, the researchers said.
"Our findings suggest some core material does transfer into the base of these mantle plumes, and the core has been leaking this material for the past 2.5 billion years," the researchers wrote in The Conversation, a website where scientists write about their research for the public. [Photos: The World's Weirdest Geological Formations]
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Photos: The World's Weirdest Geological Formations
From natural nuclear reactors to crystals two stories tall, these 10 geological structures are some of the weird...
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The finding was made possible by the metal tungsten (W), element 74 on the periodic table. If tungsten were to make a dating profile, it would note that it's a siderophile, or "iron lover." So, it's no surprise that a lot of tungsten hangs out in Earth's core, which is made primarily of iron and nickel.
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Facts About Tungsten
Properties, sources and uses of the element tungsten.
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How Earth's Core Got Its Iron
A new model explains how the newly born Earth's iron core formed as dribs and drabs of iron percolated inward fr...
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On its profile, tungsten would also list that it has a few isotopes (an element with a different number of neutrons in its nucleus), including W-182 (with 108 neutrons) and W-184 (with 110 neutrons). While devising their study, the researchers realized that these isotopes could help them solve the core-leaking question.
Another element, hafnium (Hf), is a lithophile, meaning it loves rocks and can be found in Earth's silicate-rich mantle. With a half-life of 8.9 million years, hafnium's radioactive isotope Hf-182 decays into W-182. This means that the mantle should have more W-182 than the core does, the scientists reasoned.
"Therefore, chemical exchange between the core and the source of mantle plumes could be detectable in the 182W/184W ratio of ocean island basalts," which come from plumes in the mantle, the researchers wrote in the study.
But this difference in tungsten would be incredibly small: The tungsten-182 composition in the mantle and core were expected to differ by only about 200 parts per million (ppm). "Fewer than five laboratories in the world can do this type of analysis," the researchers wrote in The Conversation.
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Sluggish Surprise Found Deep Inside Earth
The heat in Earth's core flows more sluggishly than previously predicted, say scientists who simulated the high-...
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Earth's inner layers Credit: Shutterstock
Furthermore, it's not easy to study the core, because it begins at a depth of about 1,800 miles (2,900 kilometers) underground. To put that into perspective, the deepest hole humans have ever dug is the Kola Superdeep Borehole in Russia, which has a depth of about 7.6 miles (12.3 km).
So, the researchers studied the next best thing: rocks that oozed to Earth's surface from the deep mantle at the Pilbara Craton in Western Australia, and the Réunion Island and Kerguelen Archipelago hotspots in the Indian Ocean.
Leak detected
The amount of tungsten in these rocks revealed a leak from the core. Over Earth's lifetime, there was a big change in the W-182-to-W-184 ratio in Earth's mantle, the researchers found. Oddly, Earth's oldest rocks have a higher W-182-to-W-184 ratio than most modern-day rocks do, they discovered.
"The change in the 182W/184W ratio of the mantle indicates that tungsten from the core has been leaking into the mantle for a long time," the researchers wrote in The Conversation. [Photos: Geologists Home-Brew Lava]
Earth is about 4.5 billion years old. The planet's oldest mantle rocks, however, didn't have any significant changes in tungsten isotopes. This suggests that from 4.3 billion to 2.7 billion years ago, there was little or no exchange of material from the core to the upper mantle, the researchers said.
But in the past 2.5 billion years, the tungsten isotope composition in the mantle has changed substantially. Why did this happen? If mantle plumes are rising from the core-mantle boundary, then perhaps, like a see-saw, material from Earth's surface is going down into the deep mantle, the researchers said. This surface material has oxygen in it, an element that can affect tungsten, the researchers said.
"Subduction, the term used for rocks from Earth's surface descending into the mantle, takes oxygen-rich material from the surface into the deep mantle as an integral component of plate tectonics," the researchers wrote in The Conversation. "Experiments show that [an] increase in oxygen concentration at the core-mantle boundary could cause tungsten to separate out of the core and into the mantle."
Or, maybe as the inner core solidified after Earth formed, the oxygen concentration in the outer core increased, the researchers said. "In this case, our new results could tell us something about the evolution of the core, including the origin of Earth's magnetic field," they wrote in The Conversation.
The study was published online June 20 in the journal Geochemical Perspectives Letters.
Spectacular Geology: Amazing Photos of the American Southwest
Remember, constraint on energy directly constrains personal freedom and
exploration/discovery. Take note of 1800s life where electricity and fuel
were not as critical for basic living vs today. It is a form of bondage and
we are all fools to have fallen into this trap. Other modern conveniences
are similar, but I know just how horribly tempting they are! Furthermore
this constraint on energy stops exploration related activities such as
oceanic and crustal digging and exploration, etc.
The big problem we have here is our mentality and how we think of
harvesting energy and our focus on the visible vs working into the
invisible portions of the spectrum. Why is no commercial research and
manufacturing going on towards deeper spectral penetration so that we can
exploit energies outside of our visible spectrum? It can be done, but as
visual creatures we need to be able to see things, etc.
sidharthabahadur wrote:
Folks , it is likely that strange magnetic portals connect Earth to the
Sun , whereby the Electromagnetic *FTEs *(Flux Transfer Events) occur ,
thus generating Birkeland Currents .
The planet Earth appears to be exchanging material and energy with our
solar system. Is Earth part of a solar system energy circuit? Are all the
other planets. moons and even active asteroids and comets all in a plasma
circuit? Exchanging and transforming energy and molecules/matter ? The
Exchanging Earth theory provides good supporting evidence for the Expanding
Earth Hypothesis .
The so called "leakage of Lava plumes from Earth's core" is actually the
mechanism by which the inner Sun is "fed" energy and sustained .
Are all the other planets. moons and even active asteroids and comets all
in a plasma circuit? Exchanging and transforming energy and
molecules/matter?
Like giant, cosmic chutes between the Earth and sun, magnetic portals open
up every eight minutes or so to connect our planet with its host star.
Once the portals open, loads of high-energy particles can travel the 93
million miles (150 million km) through the conduit during its brief
opening, space scientists say.
Called a flux transfer event, or FTE, such cosmic connections not only
exist but are possibly twice as common as anyone ever imagined, according
to space scientists who attended the 2008 Plasma Workshop in Huntsville,
Ala., last week.
"Ten years ago I was pretty sure they didn't exist, but now the evidence
is incontrovertible," said David Sibeck, an astrophysicist at the Goddard
Space Flight Center in Maryland.
RECOMMENDED VIDEOS FOR YOU...
CLOSE
Dynamic bursts
Researchers have long known that the Earth and sun must be connected. For
instance,particles from the sun are constantly whisked away via the solar
wind and often follow magnetic field lines that connect the sun's
atmosphere https://www.space.com/3713-sun-atmosphere-sings.html with
terra firma. The field lines allow particles to penetrate Earth's
magnetosphere https://www.space.com/4533-earth-space-bubbles-mapped.html,
the magnetic bubble that surrounds our planet.
"We used to think the connection was permanent and that solar wind could
trickleinto the near-Earth environment anytime the wind was active," Sibeck
said. "We were wrong. The connections are not steady at all. They are often
brief, bursty and very dynamic."
Several speakers at the workshop outlined the formation of a flux transfer
event. Oneidea is that on the side of Earth facing the sun, our magnetic
field presses against the sun's magnetic field. And about every eight
minutes, the two fields briefly reconnect,forming a portal through which
particles can flow. The portal takes the form of a magnetic cylinder about
as wide as Earth.
Sibeck said to think of the FTE as a giant rolling pin that lies flat
along the boundary between the Earth's and sun's magnetic fields. (He noted
the rolling pin would have to be malleable so it could pierce through both
magnetic fields while lying flat.)
"These FTEs kind of look like roller pins, and they form as little blob
roller pins atthe tip of the magnetosphere facing the sun," Sibeck told SPACE.com."They can't decide which way they're going to slide around
the Earth, so they grow there into big roller pins and then they take off
and sort of spirally roll along [Earth's magnetosphere] like you're
pounding out dough."
More than one FTE can form at once, he said, and they stay open for about
15 to 20 minutes.
More to learn
In order to measure such FTEs, spacecraft must not only catch them forming
but also be oneither end of the magnetic structures (either lengthwise or
widthwise). In fact, the European Space Agency's fleet of four Cluster
spacecraft and NASA's five THEMIS probes https://www.space.com/3379-storm-hunt-spacecraft-quintet-track-magnetic-field-tempests.html
have flown through and surrounded these cylinders, measuring their
dimensions and sensing the particles that shoot through, Sibeck said. While
these measurements have nailed down the width of an FTE, the length is
still uncertain though one measurement put it at up to five Earth radii.
One Earth radius is about 4,000 miles (6,400 kilometers).
Storm Hunt: Spacecraft Quintet to Track Down Magnetic Field Tempests
They may seem small and boxy, but five NASA probes have a lofty purpose:
sifting through the Earth’s magnetic fi...
Astrophysicist Jimmy Raeder of the University of New Hampshire used those
measurements to develop computer simulations of the portals. He found the
cylindrical portals tend to form above Earth's equator and then in
December, the FTEs would roll over the North Pole. In July, they roll over
the South Pole.
Sibeck thinks the events occur twice as often as previously thought,
proposing two types of flux transfer events: active and passive.
When the magnetic cylinders are active, they allow particles to flow
through rather easily, forming important conduits of energy for Earth's
magnetosphere, Sibeck said. When passive, the cylinders have more
resistance to transiting particles.The internal structure of a passive
cylinder makes it tougher for particles and magnetic fields to flow
through. Sibeck has calculated the properties of passive FTEs and hopes he
and his colleagues will hunt for signs of them in data collected with
THEMIS and Cluster.
The space scientists at the workshop still want to figure out why the
portals form every eight minutes and how magnetic fields inside the
cylinders twist and coil.
Am Donnerstag, 25. Juli 2019, 19:14:41 MESZ hat sidhartha bahadur [email protected] [ALLPLANETS-HOLLOW] < [email protected]> Folgendes geschrieben:
List members , I am really amused to see the bewilderment of mainstream
scientists about the apparent "leakage" from Earth's core :))
They believe the mantle plumes are caused by lava leaking out of Earth's
core and spilling upwards into the mantle .
**A much simpler and correct explanation is Expanding Earth Theory . I bet
Neal Adams could do an excellent job in explaining to these misguided
scientists that what they think as "leakage" from Earth's core is actually
firm proof of expanding Earth - as in new energy and matter as inputs
coming outwards from the core and causing Earth to expand .
How does the Earth's core get it's energy ? It gets it from the external
sun via magnetic portals in space from the Van Allen Belt , during
Electromagnetic Flux Transfer Events (FTEs) , when solar wind collides with
Earth's magnetic field . This excess energy in the Earth's core then gets
condensed into matter, mostly in the form of H2O (water) that pushes
outwards , causing the planet to expand .
Moreover , Etidorpha explains beautifully how superheated water & steam ,
trapped inside the crust is the predominant cause of volcanism .
Also , please IGNORE all the structural diagrams of the "solid" earth's
interior depicted in the article below . They're ALL wrong , because Earth
is Hollow , NOT a solid sphere that mainstream science assumes it to be !
Planet Earth: News, feature and articles | Live Science Earth's Core Has Been Leaking for
2.5 Billion Years and Geologists Don't Know Why
[image: Earth's Core Has Been Leaking for 2.5 Billion Years and Geologists
Don't Know Why]
Credit: Shutterstock
Earth's scorching core is not a loner — it has been caught mingling with
other, underworldly layers. That's according to a new study that found the
innermost part of the planet leaks some of its contents into mantle plumes,
some of which eventually reach Earth's surface.
This discovery helps settle a debate that's been raging for decades:
whether the core and mantle exchange any material, the researchers said.
On its profile, tungsten would also list that it has a few isotopes (an
element with a different number of neutrons in its nucleus), including
W-182 (with 108 neutrons) and W-184 (with 110 neutrons). While devising
their study, the researchers realized that these isotopes could help them
solve the core-leaking question.
Another element, hafnium https://www.livescience.com/38591-hafnium.html
(Hf), is a lithophile, meaning it loves rocks and can be found in Earth's
silicate-rich mantle. With a half-life of 8.9 million years, hafnium's
radioactive isotope Hf-182 decays into W-182. This means that the mantle
should have more W-182 than the core does, the scientists reasoned.
"Therefore, chemical exchange between the core and the source of mantle
plumes could be detectable in the 182W/184W ratio of ocean island basalts,"
which come from plumes in the mantle, the researchers wrote in the study.
But this difference in tungsten would be incredibly small: The
tungsten-182 composition in the mantle and core https://www.livescience.com/38938-sluggish-surprise-found-inside-earth.html
were expected to differ by only about 200 parts per million (ppm). "Fewer
than five laboratories in the world can do this type of analysis," the
researchers wrote in The Conversation.
Sluggish Surprise Found Deep Inside Earth
The heat in Earth's core flows more sluggishly than previously predicted,
say scientists who simulated the high-...
Furthermore, it's not easy to study the core, because it begins at a depth
of about 1,800 miles (2,900 kilometers) underground. To put that into
perspective, the deepest hole humans have ever dug is the Kola Superdeep
Borehole https://www.livescience.com/47530-human-activity-changing-geological-timeline.html
in Russia, which has a depth of about 7.6 miles (12.3 km).
So, the researchers studied the next best thing: rocks that oozed to
Earth's surface from the deep mantle at the Pilbara Craton in Western
Australia, and the Réunion Island and Kerguelen Archipelago hotspots in
the Indian Ocean.
Leak detected
The amount of tungsten in these rocks revealed a leak from the core. Over
Earth's lifetime, there was a big change in the W-182-to-W-184 ratio in
Earth's mantle, the researchers found. Oddly, Earth's oldest rocks have a
higher W-182-to-W-184 ratio than most modern-day rocks do, they discovered.
"The change in the 182W/184W ratio of the mantle indicates that tungsten
from the core has been leaking into the mantle for a long time," the
researchers wrote in The Conversation. [Photos: Geologists Home-Brew Lava https://www.livescience.com/55217-photos-geologists-home-brew-lava.html]
Earth is about 4.5 billion years old. The planet's oldest mantle rocks,
however, didn't have any significant changes in tungsten isotopes. This
suggests that from 4.3 billion to 2.7 billion years ago, there was little
or no exchange of material from the core to the upper mantle, the
researchers said.
But in the past 2.5 billion years, the tungsten isotope composition in the
mantle has changed substantially. Why did this happen? If mantle plumes are
rising from the core-mantle boundary, then perhaps, like a see-saw,
material from Earth's surface is going down into the deep mantle, the
researchers said. This surface material has oxygen in it, an element that
can affect tungsten, the researchers said.
"Subduction https://www.livescience.com/37706-what-is-plate-tectonics.html, the
term used for rocks from Earth's surface descending into the mantle, takes
oxygen-rich material from the surface into the deep mantle as an integral
component of plate tectonics," the researchers wrote in The Conversation.
"Experiments show that [an] increase in oxygen concentration at the
core-mantle boundary could cause tungsten to separate out of the core and
into the mantle."
Or, maybe as the inner core solidified after Earth formed, the oxygen
concentration in the outer core increased, the researchers said. "In this
case, our new results could tell us something about the evolution of the
core, including the origin of Earth's magnetic field," they wrote in The
Conversation.
Tesla's entire research was around "tapping into" this sea of ambient electricity all around us - then wirelessly transmitting it , for free ,across continents (his Wardenclyffe Tower experiment that was dynamited by JP Morgan).
In fact , if there could be a way of tapping into the massive Birkeland currents , streaming down to Earth from space over the Polar regions (the reason why all satellites avoid flying directly over the Poles), or into the intensely powerful Telluric currents deep inside the Earth's crust , we wouldn't need any electrical power generation facilities of any other kind , EVER :))
In the light of these facts the old adage that "the Universe has abundance of all resources" does not seem like some theoretical philosophy any more . Our Cosmos is designed for plenty . We just need to learn how to harvest it's resources , in moderation of course - taking only as much as we need :))
Regards On Friday, July 26, 2019, 10:39:00 PM GMT+5:30, 'Sheridan L. Crawford' [email protected] [ALLPLANETS-HOLLOW] <[email protected]> wrote:
With all this power "floating" around us, to believe there is no "free energy" to be harnessed is beyond ludicrous.
The "powers that be" are doing a real good jb of keeping it from us for their own greed...
The planet Earth appears to be exchanging material and energy with our solar system. Is Earth part of a solar system energy circuit?Are all the other planets. moons and even active asteroids and comets all in a plasma circuit? Exchanging and transforming energy and molecules/matter ? The Exchanging Earth theory provides good supporting evidence for the Expanding Earth Hypothesis .
The so called "leakage of Lava plumes from Earth's core" is actually the mechanism by which the inner Sun is "fed" energy and sustained .
https://www.xearththeory.com/exchanging-earth-intro/
XEarth
Exchanging Earth
April 11, 2015 XEarth 2 Comments XEarth
The planet Earth appears to be exchanging material and energy with our solar system. Is Earth part of a solar system energy circuit?
Are all the other planets. moons and even active asteroids and comets all in a plasma circuit? Exchanging and transforming energy and molecules/matter?
All planets, moons and the Sun in our Solar System and the Universe were considered by Scientific theory to be isolated objects that were not interacting with each other.
Which is why the Earth has the molten metal core as how else could our planet have such a strong magnetosphere?
Click on the link for a list of all the Exchanging Earth articles.
Planets exchanging energy systems
Science has now changed the isolated bodies theory as more and more connections are being found between our Solar Systems bodies. So why do we still have a molten metal core?
The Earth is electromagnetically connected to the Sun (NASA).
The Earths Plasma Fountain (Wikipedia).
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Polar wind
The term was coined in 1968 in a pair of articles by Banks and Holzer[3] and by Ian Axford.[4] Since the process...
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The Earth has a global electrical atmosphere circuit that also connects with our plasmasphere (and the rest of the solar system?).
Spacequakes are similar to Earthquakes.
Jupiter has an electromagnetic connection to its moons, especially Io and now Ganymede.
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Io (moon)
Io (Jupiter I) is the innermost of the four Galilean moons of the planet Jupiter. It is the fourth-largest moon ...
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Plasma, electrically charged gas, is believed to make up over 99% over the known Universe.
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Plasma (physics) - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Porcess and Energy for a Growing or Expanding Earth?
Perhaps an Earth exchanging and/or converting energy and matter with an Electromagnetic Universe might help to explain an Expanding or Growing Earth or even the bizarre idea of an expanding planet Venus?
Solar system energy circuits and components?
Part of the earths electric circuit Earths polar plasma fountain Earths plasma bombs Sun and Earth connection Electromagnetic planet – molten metal core or electromagnet?
Strange Magnetic Portal Connects Earth to Sun
November 03, 2008Science & Astronomy
Once the portals open, loads of high-energy particles can travel the 93 million miles (150 million km) through the conduit during its brief opening, space scientists say.
Called a flux transfer event, or FTE, such cosmic connections not only exist but are possibly twice as common as anyone ever imagined, according to space scientists who attended the 2008 Plasma Workshop in Huntsville, Ala., last week.
"Ten years ago I was pretty sure they didn't exist, but now the evidence is incontrovertible," said David Sibeck, an astrophysicist at the Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland.
RECOMMENDED VIDEOS FOR YOU...CLOSE
Dynamic bursts
Researchers have long known that the Earth and sun must be connected. For instance,particles from the sun are constantly whisked away via the solar wind and often follow magnetic field lines that connect the sun's atmosphere with terra firma. The field lines allow particles to penetrate Earth's magnetosphere, the magnetic bubble that surrounds our planet.
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Sun's Atmosphere Sings
Astronomers have recorded heavenly music bellowed out by the Sun?s atmosphere.
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Near-Earth Space Bubbles Mapped
Full maps of plasma bubbles around Earth have been mapped.
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"We used to think the connection was permanent and that solar wind could trickleinto the near-Earth environment anytime the wind was active," Sibeck said. "We were wrong. The connections are not steady at all. They are often brief, bursty and very dynamic."
Several speakers at the workshop outlined the formation of a flux transfer event. Oneidea is that on the side of Earth facing the sun, our magnetic field presses against the sun's magnetic field. And about every eight minutes, the two fields briefly reconnect,forming a portal through which particles can flow. The portal takes the form of a magnetic cylinder about as wide as Earth.
Sibeck said to think of the FTE as a giant rolling pin that lies flat along the boundary between the Earth's and sun's magnetic fields. (He noted the rolling pin would have to be malleable so it could pierce through both magnetic fields while lying flat.)
"These FTEs kind of look like roller pins, and they form as little blob roller pins atthe tip of the magnetosphere facing the sun," Sibeck told SPACE.com."They can't decide which way they're going to slide around the Earth, so they grow there into big roller pins and then they take off and sort of spirally roll along [Earth's magnetosphere] like you're pounding out dough."
More than one FTE can form at once, he said, and they stay open for about 15 to 20 minutes.
More to learn
In order to measure such FTEs, spacecraft must not only catch them forming but also be oneither end of the magnetic structures (either lengthwise or widthwise). In fact, the European Space Agency's fleet of four Cluster spacecraft and NASA's five THEMIS probes have flown through and surrounded these cylinders, measuring their dimensions and sensing the particles that shoot through, Sibeck said. While these measurements have nailed down the width of an FTE, the length is still uncertain though one measurement put it at up to five Earth radii. One Earth radius is about 4,000 miles (6,400 kilometers).
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Storm Hunt: Spacecraft Quintet to Track Down Magnetic Field Tempests
They may seem small and boxy, but five NASA probes have a lofty purpose: sifting through the Earth’s magnetic fi...
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Astrophysicist Jimmy Raeder of the University of New Hampshire used those measurements to develop computer simulations of the portals. He found the cylindrical portals tend to form above Earth's equator and then in December, the FTEs would roll over the North Pole. In July, they roll over the South Pole.
Sibeck thinks the events occur twice as often as previously thought, proposing two types of flux transfer events: active and passive.
When the magnetic cylinders are active, they allow particles to flow through rather easily, forming important conduits of energy for Earth's magnetosphere, Sibeck said. When passive, the cylinders have more resistance to transiting particles.The internal structure of a passive cylinder makes it tougher for particles and magnetic fields to flow through. Sibeck has calculated the properties of passive FTEs and hopes he and his colleagues will hunt for signs of them in data collected with THEMIS and Cluster.
The space scientists at the workshop still want to figure out why the portals form every eight minutes and how magnetic fields inside the cylinders twist and coil.
The Strangest Things in Space
Video - Can You Time Travel?
Top 10 Time Travel Tales
Regards
List members , I am really amused to see the bewilderment of mainstream scientists about the apparent "leakage" from Earth's core :))They believe the mantle plumes are caused by lava leaking out of Earth's core and spilling upwards into the mantle .
**A much simpler and correct explanation is Expanding Earth Theory . I bet Neal Adams could do an excellent job in explaining to these misguided scientists that what they think as "leakage" from Earth's core is actually firm proof of expanding Earth - as in new energy and matter as inputs coming outwards from the core and causing Earth to expand .
How does the Earth's core get it's energy ? It gets it from the external sun via magnetic portals in space from the Van Allen Belt , during Electromagnetic Flux Transfer Events (FTEs) , when solar wind collides with Earth's magnetic field . This excess energy in the Earth's core then gets condensed into matter, mostly in the form of H2O (water) that pushes outwards , causing the planet to expand .
Moreover , Etidorpha explains beautifully how superheated water & steam , trapped inside the crust is the predominant cause of volcanism .
Also , please IGNORE all the structural diagrams of the "solid" earth's interior depicted in the article below . They're ALL wrong , because Earth is Hollow , NOT a solid sphere that mainstream science assumes it to be !
Earth's Core Has Been Leaking for 2.5 Billion Years and Geologists Don't Know Why
Credit: Shutterstock
Earth's scorching core is not a loner — it has been caught mingling with other, underworldly layers. That's according to a new study that found the innermost part of the planet leaks some of its contents into mantle plumes, some of which eventually reach Earth's surface.
This discovery helps settle a debate that's been raging for decades: whether the core and mantle exchange any material, the researchers said.
"Our findings suggest some core material does transfer into the base of these mantle plumes, and the core has been leaking this material for the past 2.5 billion years," the researchers wrote in The Conversation, a website where scientists write about their research for the public. [Photos: The World's Weirdest Geological Formations]
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Photos: The World's Weirdest Geological Formations
From natural nuclear reactors to crystals two stories tall, these 10 geological structures are some of the weird...
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The finding was made possible by the metal tungsten (W), element 74 on the periodic table. If tungsten were to make a dating profile, it would note that it's a siderophile, or "iron lover." So, it's no surprise that a lot of tungsten hangs out in Earth's core, which is made primarily of iron and nickel.
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Facts About Tungsten
Properties, sources and uses of the element tungsten.
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How Earth's Core Got Its Iron
A new model explains how the newly born Earth's iron core formed as dribs and drabs of iron percolated inward fr...
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On its profile, tungsten would also list that it has a few isotopes (an element with a different number of neutrons in its nucleus), including W-182 (with 108 neutrons) and W-184 (with 110 neutrons). While devising their study, the researchers realized that these isotopes could help them solve the core-leaking question.
Another element, hafnium (Hf), is a lithophile, meaning it loves rocks and can be found in Earth's silicate-rich mantle. With a half-life of 8.9 million years, hafnium's radioactive isotope Hf-182 decays into W-182. This means that the mantle should have more W-182 than the core does, the scientists reasoned.
"Therefore, chemical exchange between the core and the source of mantle plumes could be detectable in the 182W/184W ratio of ocean island basalts," which come from plumes in the mantle, the researchers wrote in the study.
But this difference in tungsten would be incredibly small: The tungsten-182 composition in the mantle and core were expected to differ by only about 200 parts per million (ppm). "Fewer than five laboratories in the world can do this type of analysis," the researchers wrote in The Conversation.
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Sluggish Surprise Found Deep Inside Earth
The heat in Earth's core flows more sluggishly than previously predicted, say scientists who simulated the high-...
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Earth's inner layers Credit: Shutterstock
Furthermore, it's not easy to study the core, because it begins at a depth of about 1,800 miles (2,900 kilometers) underground. To put that into perspective, the deepest hole humans have ever dug is the Kola Superdeep Borehole in Russia, which has a depth of about 7.6 miles (12.3 km).
So, the researchers studied the next best thing: rocks that oozed to Earth's surface from the deep mantle at the Pilbara Craton in Western Australia, and the Réunion Island and Kerguelen Archipelago hotspots in the Indian Ocean.
Leak detected
The amount of tungsten in these rocks revealed a leak from the core. Over Earth's lifetime, there was a big change in the W-182-to-W-184 ratio in Earth's mantle, the researchers found. Oddly, Earth's oldest rocks have a higher W-182-to-W-184 ratio than most modern-day rocks do, they discovered.
"The change in the 182W/184W ratio of the mantle indicates that tungsten from the core has been leaking into the mantle for a long time," the researchers wrote in The Conversation. [Photos: Geologists Home-Brew Lava]
Earth is about 4.5 billion years old. The planet's oldest mantle rocks, however, didn't have any significant changes in tungsten isotopes. This suggests that from 4.3 billion to 2.7 billion years ago, there was little or no exchange of material from the core to the upper mantle, the researchers said.
But in the past 2.5 billion years, the tungsten isotope composition in the mantle has changed substantially. Why did this happen? If mantle plumes are rising from the core-mantle boundary, then perhaps, like a see-saw, material from Earth's surface is going down into the deep mantle, the researchers said. This surface material has oxygen in it, an element that can affect tungsten, the researchers said.
"Subduction, the term used for rocks from Earth's surface descending into the mantle, takes oxygen-rich material from the surface into the deep mantle as an integral component of plate tectonics," the researchers wrote in The Conversation. "Experiments show that [an] increase in oxygen concentration at the core-mantle boundary could cause tungsten to separate out of the core and into the mantle."
Or, maybe as the inner core solidified after Earth formed, the oxygen concentration in the outer core increased, the researchers said. "In this case, our new results could tell us something about the evolution of the core, including the origin of Earth's magnetic field," they wrote in The Conversation.
The study was published online June 20 in the journal Geochemical Perspectives Letters.
Spectacular Geology: Amazing Photos of the American Southwest
Soretna , to your point , about freedom , I totally agree . One of the ways of studying the invisible spectrum could be the below diagram that explains how the electrical circuitry of the Solar system and the Earth really works .
The Birkeland currents streaming into the Polar regions of Earth from space and then the Telluric currents surging deep inside Earth's crust are both part of the same Cosmic circuit that indirectly feeds the Earth's core (Inner Sun) .
As per Electric Universe Theory , plasma streamers (not visible to the eye , since they are so thinly spread out in space) are spread all throughout Space . At points in space where plasma streamers intersect , the nodes , chances of star or planet formation are much higher .
Growing Earth Theory
Expanding Earth theories – heating of interior frozen core
December 25, 2014 XEarth 12 Comments Expanding Earth ideas, Expanding Earth mechanics, gravity, Peter Woodhead
One of the Expanding Earth theories is by Peter Woodhead and 'basically' involves the expansion of the Earth and other planets through heating of their interior frozen core.
There is a lot of research, investigation, explanation and mathematics of his theory in his article. Which if you are looking for a serious study of one of the Expanding Earth theories then this is for you. Also lots of diagrams to explain his research and others ideas.
Peter Woodhead also looks into the issue of gravity in an Expanding Earth (mega and mini flora and that gravity actually might change) and comes up with some interesting concepts.
Expanding Earth theories - A Mechanism for Earth Expansion
Some of Woodhead's main Growing Earth theory ideas and evidence of his are listed below (see the bottom of his article for full list of conclusions):
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Check The Evidence
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The Expanding Earth mechanism is heating of the frozen cores by thorium and uranium through their nuclear decay.
Earths mass has not increased by much.
Earths gravity and surface area increasing exponentially.
Thawing of internal core produced water for The Floods and oceans.
Although expanding the Earth has not changed its orbit with Moon or Sun.
Peter Woodhead is interviewed in the video below, which is from Check The Evidence.
The associated article called A Mechanism for Earth Expansion (edited by Andrew Johnson) is on that site.
A Mechanism for Earth Expansion - article subjects list
Expanding Earth theory History
Formation of the Earth
Heating an Icy Core
Heating by Radioactive Decay
Liquid and then Gases Migrate to the Core
Steam-Powered Earth Expansion
Growing Earth theory Maths including Pre-Expansion Radius, Pre-Expansion Volume and “Gas Volume”, Solid and Liquid inside the Earth, Deduced General Structure of Interior - An Inner Crust?, Suggested Cross section of Earth 70% Liquid Non-Water and 30% water
Gravity and Angular Momentum including Surface Gravity Considerations, Centre of Gravity in The Outer Shell
Movement of Centre of Gravity as Earth Expanded
On the Orbit of the Earth and the Moon ...
Volume of Water in the Inner Earth – and the Oceans
Gases Venting from the Surface of Other Bodies
Future Earth Expansion
Expanding Earth Implications and Other Considerations
Conclusions
← Expanding Earth theories – list of ideas
Expanding Earth and the Electric Universe theory →
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Fauzi Nayan
How the earth get big? Where's the earth get it matter from? In my opinion, it came from The Core. The earth core is very compact & dense matter, where's a size of a brick of it will weight like a mountain. Just like the neutron star- the core of the dead star. But earth core still far less denser than neutron star. In the beginning, after it's formation, during the cooling...
Expanding Earth theory and mass accretion · 3 weeks ago
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Hand of Vali
No more clinching scientific comments have I ever ever heard.
What and how are Hole Punch Clouds formed (Fallstreak)? · 4 months ago
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Ryan
Dr Walter Russell explains the how and why planets expand. the gyroscopic principal of nature is displayed for all of us to see when we look at each planets position. people read the universal one by Walter Russell 1926 his is the first accurate and complete cosmology of the electric universe Wich the expanding planet theory is also in there. Earth's gravity and it's radiation has increased...
Expanding Earth and the Electric Universe theory · 7 months ago
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Kathleen Sisco • 2 years ago
Peter Woodhead's site? Nothing new for 3 years. No published papers?
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AndrewClitheroe • 4 years ago
placedo I'd prefer not to share my email address, if that's ok. I'm happy to summarise here and you can cut'n'paste.
The big obvious problems with dipole gravity are:
If objects are attracted to the earth because their poles are aligned with the earth's field, then objects sunward of the earth would receive an extra push, and all our orbital calculations would be wrong.
The gravitational attraction between small local bodies has been measured for over two hundred years. Dipole gravity would cause these measurements to vary based on the arrangement of the objects relative to the earth's field (two objects next to each other would attract less than one object above the other). This does not happen.
Gravitational gradiometry is routinely used in industry at extremely high precision, and wouldn't work as expected if gravity were dipole.
The measured gravitational field of the earth would vary much more sharply than it is observed to do as you descend into the crust (in Peter's model gravity has to reverse before you reach the 'inner surface', whereas in the classical model it only has to reverse when you get past the centre of the earth).
The two big obvious problems with the expanding earth hypothesis are therefore:
Gravity is manifestly NOT dipole
The animations of the expanding earth are misleading: they fail to account for changing curvature. Look at Africa: on the 'small earth' it subtends ~180 degrees of N/S and E/W curvature. In reality it subtends around 90. If you take an inelastic shape wrapped around a small ball and try to press it onto the surface of a large ball, what happens? The perimeter is forced to expand, tearing the edges of the shape apart. There is no geological evidence of this, anywhere.
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AndrewClitheroe • 4 years ago
Does the author not know that the gravitational force between small bodies (lead balls) has been directly measured, the first time over two hundred years ago? Were gravity a dipole force, with the poles of the balls aligned with the earth's field, the results would have been wildly different.
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placedo • 4 years ago
AndrewClitheroe
Hi Andrew, please could you re send your message to my email at [email protected] I will forward it to Fredrik who is in Norway at the moment, I am sure his explanation will be much better than mine. regards Peter
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AndrewClitheroe • 4 years ago
I read the paper and it too fails the most basic test. If gravity is dipole, and the "stick magnets" of rocks and dust align so as to point down into the earth's gravity well, then objects sunward of the earth would be PUSHED toward the earth with extra force by the sun's negatively charged surface. Since this manifestly does not happen, I fail to see the value of the hypothesis.
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placedo • 4 years ago
AndrewClitheroe
Thanks for the comments Andrew, further clarification can be found in part 2, and a paper written by an electrical engineer and Electric Universe devotee, Fredrik Nygaard.
A part 3 is due soon providing more clarification.
AndrewClitheroe • 4 years ago
This simply doesn't add up. As in, literally this violates simple mathematics.
When you calculate the net gravitational pull at a point inside a sphere (say at a distance r from the centre) it transpires that everything outside radius r cancels out, and you end up with the pull of just the mass inside the radius. In other words, there is NEVER an outward gravitational pull, no matter how you distribute the mass of the shell radially.
So if you imagine the very surface of the 'inner' layer of liquid water: that's going to fall inward under the pull of the gas in the middle (if you imagine that can't happen because of 'pressure', go stand in the rain and tell me again how water can't fall from a low-pressure place to a high-pressure place) And the surface water is going to be helped on its way by the water further out, which is being pulled by the gas and the water inside that slightly larger radius. And the water is going to be pushed inward by the ice layer, which is being pulled in by the mass of the gas and ALL the interior water. And the ice is going to be pushed inward by quadrillions of tons of rock, which is being pulled inward by the gas, water and ice (and, as we work our way outwards, by more and more rock).
What Peter seems to have done is worked out the centre of gravity of a radial slice of the shell, completely ignoring the pull of all the matter on the other side of the centre.
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placedo • 4 years ago @meems The radioactive decay was heating Earth's interior for the whole of the 4.25 billion years. I propose that it took that time to bring the frozen core up to boiling point from minus 273 K. Picture a pressure cooker full of ice placed on a heat source, for a long time you will see no effect, once liquid, continued application will bring the water to the boil. Pressure cookers have valves to release the pressure, so does Earth, Earth vents along mid oceanic ridges as well as volcano's. As well as venting the tremendous pressure from the creation of steam at Earth's "boiling zone" forces Earth's "shell" to split apart at the same ridges, forcing basalt from the mantle to the sea bed forming new oceanic crust.
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meems • 4 years ago
Its a cake recipe theory : that is, all the ingredients had to be ready at the start of the solar system then mixed together in the right amounts, at the right temperature, and with the right angular velocity to make the internal structure shown.
What about other celestial bodies? Are they growing?
What strikes me most is the radioactives put in the Earth at the start had to be dormant for 4.25 billion years, only significantly activating 250millions ago. That seems most unlikely.
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electrobleme • 4 years ago
katesisco just seen this mystery about the planet Venus and it mentions an unexpected warm layer where Venus ozone is?
Unexplained warm layer discovered in Venus' atmosphere http://www.astrobio.net/top...
A group of Russian, European and American scientists have found a warm layer in Venus' atmosphere, the nature of which is still unknown. The researchers made the discovery when compiling a temperature map of the upper atmosphere on the planet's night side based on the data collected by the Venus Express probe.
"We measured temperatures at altitudes of 90 to 140 kilometers," says an author of the study, Denis Belyaevof MIPT and the Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. "On the night side of the planet, temperatures normally fall with altitude, but we noticed a peak in the chart in the 90 to 100 kilometer range. Here, the atmosphere was 20-40 degrees warmer than we expected. We don't yet understand what causes the warming, but Venus' ozone layer is at this altitude. There may be a connection."
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electrobleme • 4 years ago
katesisco metals in the mantle and not at the core of the planet is an interesting idea. if you combine the metals closer distance with the flow of natural energy that seems to be flowing into, through and out of the planet then you would have a powerful electromagnetic.
Sources of natural energy include Telluric Currents, FLux Transfer Events (FTE's), Spacequakes and Earthquakes which have same signature, the Earth's global electric circuit including the Earths Plasma Fountains etc.
if the currents change their properties and where they flow then you could have a mechanism for the wandering magnetic poles, magnetic reversals.
Perhaps reduction or increases in in the force of gravity (if that is perhaps influenced by electromagnet energy and not purely gravity/mass)?
If volcanoes and earthquakes are powered or triggered by electromagnetic processes then changes or discharges in the circuit could explain their behavour?
Your suggestion about the o3 and Sun/Earth interaction and source is intriguing. It coud be suggested that electromagnetic activity with plasma and rock produces 'things'. Water molecules are found around the suns surface, comets and our moon seem to be electrochemically creating water and other material.
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katesisco • 4 years ago
An interesting part of P Woodhead's theory is that he places metals in the deep mantle and the center of gravity is then much closer to the surface of the Earth. This metalized deep mantle is the source then of our magnetosphere. And possibly why we have such a strong magnetosphere that was invaluable in protecting life. I have proposed that energy blasts from Sol actually laid our O3 on the surface of the Earth.
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The planet Earth appears to be exchanging material and energy with our solar system. Is Earth part of a solar system energy circuit?Are all the other planets. moons and even active asteroids and comets all in a plasma circuit? Exchanging and transforming energy and molecules/matter ? The Exchanging Earth theory provides good supporting evidence for the Expanding Earth Hypothesis .
The so called "leakage of Lava plumes from Earth's core" is actually the mechanism by which the inner Sun is "fed" energy and sustained .
https://www.xearththeory.com/exchanging-earth-intro/
XEarth
Exchanging Earth
April 11, 2015 XEarth 2 Comments XEarth
The planet Earth appears to be exchanging material and energy with our solar system. Is Earth part of a solar system energy circuit?
Are all the other planets. moons and even active asteroids and comets all in a plasma circuit? Exchanging and transforming energy and molecules/matter?
All planets, moons and the Sun in our Solar System and the Universe were considered by Scientific theory to be isolated objects that were not interacting with each other.
Which is why the Earth has the molten metal core as how else could our planet have such a strong magnetosphere?
Click on the link for a list of all the Exchanging Earth articles.
Planets exchanging energy systems
Science has now changed the isolated bodies theory as more and more connections are being found between our Solar Systems bodies. So why do we still have a molten metal core?
The Earth is electromagnetically connected to the Sun (NASA).
The Earths Plasma Fountain (Wikipedia).
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Polar wind
The term was coined in 1968 in a pair of articles by Banks and Holzer[3] and by Ian Axford.[4] Since the process...
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The Earth has a global electrical atmosphere circuit that also connects with our plasmasphere (and the rest of the solar system?).
Spacequakes are similar to Earthquakes.
Jupiter has an electromagnetic connection to its moons, especially Io and now Ganymede.
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Io (moon)
Io (Jupiter I) is the innermost of the four Galilean moons of the planet Jupiter. It is the fourth-largest moon ...
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Plasma, electrically charged gas, is believed to make up over 99% over the known Universe.
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Plasma (physics) - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Porcess and Energy for a Growing or Expanding Earth?
Perhaps an Earth exchanging and/or converting energy and matter with an Electromagnetic Universe might help to explain an Expanding or Growing Earth or even the bizarre idea of an expanding planet Venus?
Solar system energy circuits and components?
Part of the earths electric circuit Earths polar plasma fountain Earths plasma bombs Sun and Earth connection Electromagnetic planet – molten metal core or electromagnet?
Strange Magnetic Portal Connects Earth to Sun
November 03, 2008Science & Astronomy
Once the portals open, loads of high-energy particles can travel the 93 million miles (150 million km) through the conduit during its brief opening, space scientists say.
Called a flux transfer event, or FTE, such cosmic connections not only exist but are possibly twice as common as anyone ever imagined, according to space scientists who attended the 2008 Plasma Workshop in Huntsville, Ala., last week.
"Ten years ago I was pretty sure they didn't exist, but now the evidence is incontrovertible," said David Sibeck, an astrophysicist at the Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland.
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Researchers have long known that the Earth and sun must be connected. For instance,particles from the sun are constantly whisked away via the solar wind and often follow magnetic field lines that connect the sun's atmosphere with terra firma. The field lines allow particles to penetrate Earth's magnetosphere, the magnetic bubble that surrounds our planet.
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"We used to think the connection was permanent and that solar wind could trickleinto the near-Earth environment anytime the wind was active," Sibeck said. "We were wrong. The connections are not steady at all. They are often brief, bursty and very dynamic."
Several speakers at the workshop outlined the formation of a flux transfer event. Oneidea is that on the side of Earth facing the sun, our magnetic field presses against the sun's magnetic field. And about every eight minutes, the two fields briefly reconnect,forming a portal through which particles can flow. The portal takes the form of a magnetic cylinder about as wide as Earth.
Sibeck said to think of the FTE as a giant rolling pin that lies flat along the boundary between the Earth's and sun's magnetic fields. (He noted the rolling pin would have to be malleable so it could pierce through both magnetic fields while lying flat.)
"These FTEs kind of look like roller pins, and they form as little blob roller pins atthe tip of the magnetosphere facing the sun," Sibeck told SPACE.com."They can't decide which way they're going to slide around the Earth, so they grow there into big roller pins and then they take off and sort of spirally roll along [Earth's magnetosphere] like you're pounding out dough."
More than one FTE can form at once, he said, and they stay open for about 15 to 20 minutes.
More to learn
In order to measure such FTEs, spacecraft must not only catch them forming but also be oneither end of the magnetic structures (either lengthwise or widthwise). In fact, the European Space Agency's fleet of four Cluster spacecraft and NASA's five THEMIS probes have flown through and surrounded these cylinders, measuring their dimensions and sensing the particles that shoot through, Sibeck said. While these measurements have nailed down the width of an FTE, the length is still uncertain though one measurement put it at up to five Earth radii. One Earth radius is about 4,000 miles (6,400 kilometers).
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Astrophysicist Jimmy Raeder of the University of New Hampshire used those measurements to develop computer simulations of the portals. He found the cylindrical portals tend to form above Earth's equator and then in December, the FTEs would roll over the North Pole. In July, they roll over the South Pole.
Sibeck thinks the events occur twice as often as previously thought, proposing two types of flux transfer events: active and passive.
When the magnetic cylinders are active, they allow particles to flow through rather easily, forming important conduits of energy for Earth's magnetosphere, Sibeck said. When passive, the cylinders have more resistance to transiting particles.The internal structure of a passive cylinder makes it tougher for particles and magnetic fields to flow through. Sibeck has calculated the properties of passive FTEs and hopes he and his colleagues will hunt for signs of them in data collected with THEMIS and Cluster.
The space scientists at the workshop still want to figure out why the portals form every eight minutes and how magnetic fields inside the cylinders twist and coil.
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Regards
List members , I am really amused to see the bewilderment of mainstream scientists about the apparent "leakage" from Earth's core :))They believe the mantle plumes are caused by lava leaking out of Earth's core and spilling upwards into the mantle .
**A much simpler and correct explanation is Expanding Earth Theory . I bet Neal Adams could do an excellent job in explaining to these misguided scientists that what they think as "leakage" from Earth's core is actually firm proof of expanding Earth - as in new energy and matter as inputs coming outwards from the core and causing Earth to expand .
How does the Earth's core get it's energy ? It gets it from the external sun via magnetic portals in space from the Van Allen Belt , during Electromagnetic Flux Transfer Events (FTEs) , when solar wind collides with Earth's magnetic field . This excess energy in the Earth's core then gets condensed into matter, mostly in the form of H2O (water) that pushes outwards , causing the planet to expand .
Moreover , Etidorpha explains beautifully how superheated water & steam , trapped inside the crust is the predominant cause of volcanism .
Also , please IGNORE all the structural diagrams of the "solid" earth's interior depicted in the article below . They're ALL wrong , because Earth is Hollow , NOT a solid sphere that mainstream science assumes it to be !
Earth's Core Has Been Leaking for 2.5 Billion Years and Geologists Don't Know Why
Credit: Shutterstock
Earth's scorching core is not a loner — it has been caught mingling with other, underworldly layers. That's according to a new study that found the innermost part of the planet leaks some of its contents into mantle plumes, some of which eventually reach Earth's surface.
This discovery helps settle a debate that's been raging for decades: whether the core and mantle exchange any material, the researchers said.
"Our findings suggest some core material does transfer into the base of these mantle plumes, and the core has been leaking this material for the past 2.5 billion years," the researchers wrote in The Conversation, a website where scientists write about their research for the public. [Photos: The World's Weirdest Geological Formations]
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The finding was made possible by the metal tungsten (W), element 74 on the periodic table. If tungsten were to make a dating profile, it would note that it's a siderophile, or "iron lover." So, it's no surprise that a lot of tungsten hangs out in Earth's core, which is made primarily of iron and nickel.
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On its profile, tungsten would also list that it has a few isotopes (an element with a different number of neutrons in its nucleus), including W-182 (with 108 neutrons) and W-184 (with 110 neutrons). While devising their study, the researchers realized that these isotopes could help them solve the core-leaking question.
Another element, hafnium (Hf), is a lithophile, meaning it loves rocks and can be found in Earth's silicate-rich mantle. With a half-life of 8.9 million years, hafnium's radioactive isotope Hf-182 decays into W-182. This means that the mantle should have more W-182 than the core does, the scientists reasoned.
"Therefore, chemical exchange between the core and the source of mantle plumes could be detectable in the 182W/184W ratio of ocean island basalts," which come from plumes in the mantle, the researchers wrote in the study.
But this difference in tungsten would be incredibly small: The tungsten-182 composition in the mantle and core were expected to differ by only about 200 parts per million (ppm). "Fewer than five laboratories in the world can do this type of analysis," the researchers wrote in The Conversation.
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Earth's inner layers Credit: Shutterstock
Furthermore, it's not easy to study the core, because it begins at a depth of about 1,800 miles (2,900 kilometers) underground. To put that into perspective, the deepest hole humans have ever dug is the Kola Superdeep Borehole in Russia, which has a depth of about 7.6 miles (12.3 km)..
So, the researchers studied the next best thing: rocks that oozed to Earth's surface from the deep mantle at the Pilbara Craton in Western Australia, and the Réunion Island and Kerguelen Archipelago hotspots in the Indian Ocean.
Leak detected
The amount of tungsten in these rocks revealed a leak from the core. Over Earth's lifetime, there was a big change in the W-182-to-W-184 ratio in Earth's mantle, the researchers found. Oddly, Earth's oldest rocks have a higher W-182-to-W-184 ratio than most modern-day rocks do, they discovered.
"The change in the 182W/184W ratio of the mantle indicates that tungsten from the core has been leaking into the mantle for a long time," the researchers wrote in The Conversation. [Photos: Geologists Home-Brew Lava]
Earth is about 4.5 billion years old. The planet's oldest mantle rocks, however, didn't have any significant changes in tungsten isotopes. This suggests that from 4.3 billion to 2.7 billion years ago, there was little or no exchange of material from the core to the upper mantle, the researchers said.
But in the past 2.5 billion years, the tungsten isotope composition in the mantle has changed substantially. Why did this happen? If mantle plumes are rising from the core-mantle boundary, then perhaps, like a see-saw, material from Earth's surface is going down into the deep mantle, the researchers said. This surface material has oxygen in it, an element that can affect tungsten, the researchers said.
"Subduction, the term used for rocks from Earth's surface descending into the mantle, takes oxygen-rich material from the surface into the deep mantle as an integral component of plate tectonics," the researchers wrote in The Conversation. "Experiments show that [an] increase in oxygen concentration at the core-mantle boundary could cause tungsten to separate out of the core and into the mantle."
Or, maybe as the inner core solidified after Earth formed, the oxygen concentration in the outer core increased, the researchers said. "In this case, our new results could tell us something about the evolution of the core, including the origin of Earth's magnetic field," they wrote in The Conversation.
The study was published online June 20 in the journal Geochemical Perspectives Letters.
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Originally published on Live Science
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